Black Box LW011AE Specifications

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8PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETChapter Page4.7 Using the Upgrade Kit Program...704.8

98PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETTable 6-1. Upgrade FilesCurrent Version Flash Erase Software Download File Nameof Unit File Name LW0050A LW0051A, LW0

99CHAPTER 7: System Troubleshooting7. System TroubleshootingThis troubleshooting guide provides answers to some of the more commonproblems which may o

100PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETProblem andIndication Possible Cause Corrective ActionFailure to estab- 1. Power supply to units 1. Verify power to

101CHAPTER 7: System TroubleshootingProblem andIndication Possible Cause Corrective ActionWireless link 1. Ethernet port on 1. Verify that the LINK

102PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETProblem andIndication Possible Cause Corrective ActionHigh-quality 1. Too much interference 1. Move the unit or the

103CHAPTER 7: System TroubleshootingProblem andIndication Possible Cause Corrective ActionUnit associates In a multicell structure For a unit to asso

104PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETAppendix A. Supported MIBs andTrapsA.1 Supported MIBsAll products in the Pro 11 Series contain an embedded SNMP (Sim

105APPENDIX A: Supported MIBs and TrapsTrap Variables DescriptionbrzAProamingIn brzTrapSTAMacAddr A station has roamed into this Access Point coverage

106PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETTrap Variables DescriptionbrzWlanStatus brzTrapToggle The wireless media condition hasbrzTrapMacAddress changed. An

107APPENDIX B: SpecificationsAppendix B. SpecificationsB.1 Specifications for LW0050A–LW0053A and LW0055A–LW0058AWIREDLAN INTERFACECompliance — Ethern

9CONTENTSChapter PageAppendix B. Specifications ...107B.1 Specifica

108PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETCONFIGURATION ANDMANAGEMENTConfiguration and Setup — Via Local Monitor port (serial RS-232)SNMP Management — SNMP ag

109APPENDIX B: SpecificationsELECTRICALExternal Power Supply — 100 to 250 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, 0.5 AInput Voltage — 5 VDCPower Consumption — 1.5 A peak,

110PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETSensitivity — 1 Mbps: -81 dBm; 2 Mbps: -75 dBm; 3 Mbps: -67 dBmModulation — Multilevel GFSKDemodulation Technology —

111APPENDIX B: SpecificationsENVIRONMENTALOperating Temperature — 32 to 105°F (0 to 40°C)Operating Humidity — 5 to 95% noncondensingELECTRICALPower —

112PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETAppendix C. Wireless LANConceptsWireless LAN technology is becoming increasingly popular in large-scale andcomplex w

113APPENDIX C: Wireless LAN ConceptsC.1.2 WIRELESSLAN TOPOLOGYWireless LANs allow workstations to communicate and to access the network usingradio pro

114PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETEach wireless LAN cell requires some communications and traffic management.This is coordinated by an Access Point wh

115APPENDIX C: Wireless LAN ConceptsC.2 RoamingWhen any area in the building is within reception range of more than one AccessPoint, the cells’ covera

116PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETFigure C-4. The Common Coverage Area of a Multi-cell Structure.C.4 Dynamic Rate SwitchingThe data rate of each stati

117APPENDIX C: Wireless LAN ConceptsC.6 FragmentationFragmentation of packets into shorter fragments adds protocol overhead andreduces protocol effici

10PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETChapter PageE.10.1 Preamble ...

118PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETAppendix D. Radio SignalPropagationD.1 IntroductionThis section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating t

119APPENDIX D: Radio Signal PropagationD.2 RF Terms and DefinitionsdBAn abbreviation for decibel, a comparative measure of signal strength.dBmAn absol

120PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETAttenuation is expressed in dB as follows:PdB= -10 × Log (Pout/Pin)For example: If, because of attenuation, half the

121APPENDIX D: Radio Signal PropagationSide LobesThe radiation lobes in any direction other than that of the main lobe.Omnidirectional AntennaAn anten

122PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETAntenna BeamwidthThe directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two half-power (-3 dB) poi

123APPENDIX D: Radio Signal PropagationIn conclusion, the received signal power is above the sensitivity threshold, so thelink should work. The proble

124PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• InterferenceInterference may be caused by another system on the same frequency range,external noise, or some other

125APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialAppendix E. IEEE 802.11 TechnicalTutorialThe purpose of this chapter is to give you a basic overview of t

126PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETFigure E-1. Typical 802.11 LAN.The standard also defines the concept of a “portal.” A portal is a device thatinterco

127APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialBeyond the standard functionality usually performed by MAC Layers, the 802.11MAC performs other functions

11CHAPTER 1: Introduction1. Introduction1.1. How to Use This GuideThis guide contains instructions for overall planning and setting up your wirelessLA

128PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETIn order to overcome these problems, 802.11 uses a Collision Avoidance (CA)mechanism together with a Positive Acknow

129APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialThe following diagrams show an exchange between stations A and B, and the NAVsetting of their neighbors:F

130PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETHowever, it doesn’t make sense to introduce a new LAN protocol that cannot dealwith packets 1518 bytes long which ar

131APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialE.3.5 INTERFRAMESPACESThe Standard defines four types of Inter-Frame Spaces, which are used to providedif

132PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETThe 802.11 standard defines an Exponential Backoff Algorithm that must beexecuted in the following cases: • When the

133APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialBoth methods are valid. A method is chosen according to the powerconsumption/performance trade-off.E.4.1

134PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETE.6 Keeping Synchronization Stations need to keep synchronization, which is necessary for keeping hoppingsynchronize

135APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialThe WEP is a simple algorithm based on RSA’s RC4 which has the followingproperties:• Reasonably strong: B

136PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETNOTEUnicast frames can also be poled by the stations at the DTIM intervals.E.9 Frame TypesThere are three main types

137APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical Tutorial• PLCP Signaling Field, which currently contains only the rate information,encoded in 0.5-Mbps increments

12PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET1.2. Pro 11 Series Features• IEEE 802.11 Compliant – All Pro 11 Series units are fully compliant with thefinal IEEE 8

138PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETType and SubtypeThese 6 bits define the Type and Subtype of the frame, as indicated in thefollowing table:Type Value

139APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialToDSThis bit is set to 1 when the frame is addressed to the Access Point for forwardingto the Distributio

140PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETDuration/IDThis field has two meanings depending on the frame type:• In Power-Save Poll messages, this is the Statio

141APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialSequence ControlThe Sequence Control Field is used to represent the order of different fragmentsbelonging

142PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETE.11.2 CTS FRAMEFORMATThe CTS frame looks like this:Figure E-8. CTS Frame.The Receiver Address (RA) of the CTS frame

143APPENDIX E: IEEE 802.11 Technical TutorialE.12 Point Coordination Function (PCF)Beyond the basic Distributed Coordination Function, there is an opt

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13CHAPTER 1: Introduction1.3 Pro 11 Series Product LineThese are Pro 11 Series Wireless Ethernet Units with Integral 2-dBi Antennas.Ethernet Access Po

14PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETMobile workstations, such as laptops and hand-held devices, can roam betweenAccess Points that belong to the same Ext

15CHAPTER 1: IntroductionThe Single-Port Station Adapter contains an embedded SNMP agent enablingeffective management. Software upgrades are downloade

16PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET1.3.4 WORKGROUPBRIDGE(LW0053A, LW0058A, ORLW0063A-CAN)The Workgroup Bridge is a high-speed, wide-range wireless LAN b

17CHAPTER 1: IntroductionNetwork connection is maintained while roaming between overlapping cellcoverage areas. Transmission and reception can be cont

18PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET1.4.4 SINGLE-PORTSTATIONADAPTERSThe Single-Port Station Adapter is connected to a station’s network card. When thesta

19CHAPTER 1: Introduction1.4.7 3-MBPSTYPEII PCMCIA ADAPTERThe 3-Mbps Type II PCMCIA Adapter is inserted into the station’s PCMCIA slotand features ide

20PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET2. Basic InstallationThis chapter describes the physical installation of the Pro 11 Series units describedin Chapter

21CHAPTER 2: Basic InstallationThe Access Points come with these additional components: • This guide.• A monitor connector cable for connecting the un

22PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETADDITIONALCONSIDERATIONSWHENPOSITIONING THEACCESSPOINTWhen positioning the Access Points, take into account the follo

23CHAPTER 2: Basic Installation2.5 Connect the Unit to the Ethernet Port• Connect one end of an Ethernet 10BASE-T cable (not supplied) to the RJ-45por

24PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETName Description MeaningQLT Quality of reception H, M, and L LEDs not lit: Very-low-quality reception (lessthan -81 d

25CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management3. Using the Local Terminal for UnitSetup and ManagementThe Pro 11 Series units fea

26PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETTo use Local Terminal Management:1. Click an option number to open/activate the option. You may need to pressEnter in

27CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and ManagementTable 3-1 (continued). Configuration MenusMenu Sub-Menu Sub-Submenu Default Values1

1TRADEMARKSTRADEMARKS USED IN THIS MANUALApple and AppleTalk are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.Digital is a trademark of Digital Equipm

28PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETTable 3-1 (continued). Configuration MenusMenu Sub-Menu Sub-Submenu Default Values2.7 Main- 2.7.1 Auto Calibration En

29CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management3.3 Main MenuFigure 3-1. Main Menu.3.4 System Configuration MenuFigure 3-2. System

30PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET3.4.1 STATIONSTATUSStation Status is a read-only sub-menu that displays the current values of thefollowing parameters

31CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management• Current Number of Authentications (Access Point Only) – Total number ofstations c

32PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETThis parameter is set only in the LW0050A and LW0055A Pro 11 Access Pointmodels. It is not accessible from any other

33CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management• Transmit Antenna – Which antennas are used for transmission. Duringreception, a P

34PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• Display Current Values – This read-only status screen displays current WLANparameters. Press any key to return to t

35CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management• Broadcast Relaying (Access Points Only) – Whether the unit performsbroadcast rela

36PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETWEP, also referred to as the Privacy option, must be ordered specifically and is notsupported by default. The securit

37CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management3.5 Advanced Settings MenuFigure 3-3. Advanced Settings Menu.Modification of most o

2PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSIONANDCANADIAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONSRADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTSThis e

38PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• Power Save Support — If you enable Power Save Support on one of the WLANstations (LW0054A or LW0059A only), you mus

39CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management• Power Level – Output power level at which the unit is transmitting. There aretwo

40PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET3.6 Site Survey MenuFigure 3-4. Site Survey Menu.The Site Survey Menu allows performing a site survey that helps you

41CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management3.6.1.1 ETHERNETCOUNTERSEthernet counters display statistics about the unit’s Ether

42PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETacknowledge (there are no retransmissions for control frames). If the unit hasretransmitted a frame for the maximum n

43CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management• Power Saving Aged – Total number of buffered frames that were aged out.This count

44PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET3.6.1.4 USING THERXPACKETS PERFREQUENCYHISTOGRAMUse the Display Rx Packets per Frequency option to see a histogram of

45CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and Management3.6.1.6 POWER-SAVINGCOUNTERSThese counters apply only to Access Points.• PS station

46PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET4. Start the survey by selecting option (2) in the Survey Software menu in bothunits. When performing a site survey f

47CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and ManagementFigure 3-7. Receive Statistics.7. The RSSI is given in arbitrary units. Use the fol

3NOM STATEMENTNORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS (NOM)ELECTRICAL SAFETY STATEMENTINSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación

48PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET3.6.4 EVENTLOG• Display Event Log — The error messages that the unit displayed since the lastLoad Full Factory Defaul

49CHAPTER 3: Using the Local Terminal for Unit Setup and ManagementThe Access Control menu includes the following options:• Change Access Rights – Thi

50PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET4. PCMCIA Adapter Installation,Setup, and ManagementThis chapter describes how to install the PCMCIA Adapter and its

51CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management• We highly recommend that you remove all PCMCIA cards from the notebookprior to instal

52PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET4.3.1.1 INSTALLING THEPCMCIA ADAPTERDRIVERS INWINDOWS981. Insert the PCMCIA Adapter in a free PCMCIA slot. Windows de

53CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management3. If you are running the Windows 95A operating system, refer to Section 4.3.1.2.If you

54PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETUNINSTALLINGPCMCIA ADAPTERDRIVERS INWINDOWS951. Press the Windows Start button, select Settings, and then select Cont

55CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management6. Press the Windows Start button and select Run. Type WINMSD and press OK.The Windows

56PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETUNINSTALLINGPCMCIA ADAPTERDRIVERS INWINDOWSNT1. From the Windows Start menu, select Settings, and then select Control

57CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management4.4 Installing the PCMCIA Adapter UtilitiesIf a previous version of the PCMCIA Adapter

4PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarizacióndel equipo no sea eliminada.13. Los

58PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• Undo – Causes the window to display currently active values. This is useful ifyou started changing values and you w

59CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management4.5.2 WLAN PARAMETERSTABThe WLAN Parameters tab of the Wireless LAN Configuration utili

60PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• Import – Imports a configuration file to this unit, and overwrites all previoussettings.• Export – Exports the curr

61CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and ManagementIMPORTANTIf you change the Installer password, do not forget it, or you will beunable t

62PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET4.5.6 SECURITYTABThe Security tab of the Wireless LAN Configuration utility allows you to set thesecurity parameters

63CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and ManagementNOTEThe default Key ID you enter for the PCMCIA Adapter must match theKey ID defined in

64PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETFigure 4-2. Radio Tab.The Radio tab contains the following parameters:• Power Level – Level of power at which the uni

65CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and ManagementThis tab is not visible when in User login mode. When in Installer login mode, youcan s

66PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET2. Restart the computer, orstop the Adapter: From the Control Panel, double-click the PCMCIA Adaptericon, select the

67CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and ManagementFigure 4-4. Site Survey utility.4.6.2 SITESURVEYMAINWINDOWThe Site Survey main window c

5ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICESElectronic Emission NoticesThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules, ETSI 300-328, UL®, UL/C,TUV/GS, and CE.Oper

68PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET• Neighbor APs – This section, located at the bottom of the window, displaysnearby Access Points (up to 4) from which

69CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management• Menu Bar — The menu bar at the top of the window contains four menus:Edit, View, Repo

70PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with other locations. The recorded readings should giveyou a good idea of where reception is

71CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management3. Click Next. The following dialog box is displayed.4. From the Country drop-down list

72PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5. If the Adapter is already installed, stop the Adapter as follows: from the ControlPanel, double-click the PCMCIA A

73CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management8. When the firmware has completely downloaded, the following dialog box isdisplayed.9.

74PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET11. Restart the computer when prompted. When the computer is restarted, theNew Hardware wizard is entered automatical

75CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and ManagementProblem 1: Adapter does not function properly.1. Check Device Manager for conflicts wit

76PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET2. Copy all files from the DOSODI directory on the driver to the NetWare clientdirectory. (If you already have a NET.

77CHAPTER 4: PCMCIA Adapter Installation, Setup, and Management3. Enter the ESSID as defined in the Access Point (if using default ESSID, do notchange

6PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETContentsChapter Page1. Introduction...

78PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5. Planning and InstallingWireless LANsModels LW0050A through LW0054A are equipped with two integrated 2-dBiomnidirec

79There are three types of Single-Cell Configuration:• Point-to-Point• Point-to-Multipoint• Mobile ApplicationsEach type is explained in the following

80PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5.1.1.4 EXTENDING THELAN WITHWLAN BRIDGINGThe figures in this section demonstrate how the Workgroup Bridge (LW0053A)c

81CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANsThe Workgroup Bridge (LW0053A) also enables connectivity between a wirelessLAN and individual workst

82PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET3. Look at the Station Adapter’s front-panel LED indicators, or the PCMCIA PCCard’s Site Survey application, to check

83CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANs• Any workstation situated in the overlapping area can associate andcommunicate with either Access P

84PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5.1.3 MULTICELLCONFIGURATIONAreas congested by many users and a heavy traffic load may require a multicellstructure.

85CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANsFigure 5-4. Multicell Configuration.5.1.4 MULTI-HOPCONFIGURATION(RELAY)When you need to connect two

86PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET4. When an Access Point and Workstation Bridge communicate over the wirelessLAN, set them both to the same ESSID. For

87CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANsFigure 5-6. Access Point LAN in a Typical Office Environment.5.2.1 SITE-SELECTIONFACTORSThe Pro 11 S

7CONTENTSChapter Page3.4.5 Station Control ...353.4.6 Security (Aut

88PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETSite Selection for Access PointsWhen positioning Access Points, take into account the following additionalconsiderati

89CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANssufficient to ensure good performance levels. However, in cases where multipathpropagation exists, w

90PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETUse the following table as a guideline to predict the effects of different materials.Table 5-1. Signal Loss ChartObst

91CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANsClosed Indoor AreasA floor divided into individual offices by concrete, masonry, or sheet-rock walls

92PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETwindow frames or metal film anti-glare windows in the transmission path. Installoutdoor antennas high enough to avoid

93CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANsPoint-to-PointA point-to-point link is based on the use of one Access Point with external antennas(L

94PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNETIf the received signal quality is lower than expected for this antenna/rangecombination, change antenna height and ve

95CHAPTER 5: Planning and Installing Wireless LANs5.3.6 LINKDISTANCELink distance is the maximum distance between the Access Point and the stationadap

96PRO 11 SERIES WIRELESS ETHERNET5.4.2 SPURIOUSRADIOFREQUENCYEMISSIONSThe regulations referred to in the previous section also specify maximum “out-of

97CHAPTER 6: Upgrade Procedure6. Upgrade ProcedureIMPORTANT!Please read the information below before proceeding with anyupgrades.There are two options